Category: Classical Conditioning

In psychology there are many different perspectives and they all study humans and animals in very different ways. For example, there is the biological approach, the cognitive approach, psychodynamic approach, and the humanistic approach. Finally, there is the behaviourism approach which was developed within the 20th century. Behaviourism has many weaknesses because when it was…

Introduction There are many great names in psychology. who became so by giving reason and name to everyday things that happen, through theories which needed them to do endless amounts of research and experiments. Those names cannot be mentioned without including Ivan Pavlov, the researcher of classical conditioning which is all about learned behaviour which…

Psychology, the study of the mind, the basic understanding of why we do what we do. Contrarily, it is not basic at all, yet it has an abundance of specific terminology and complicated pathways one must learn to understand the true way our minds operate. We act certain ways, and do certain things because of…

Operant conditioning is a learning principle put forward by an American psychologist B.F Skinner. This type of learning is based on the cause-and-effect relationship between a behavior and its consequences. Operant conditioning in short is based upon the concept that when we reward a behavior, it increases and when we punish a behavior, it decreases.…

Barb, a normal, healthy young woman, had a very inconvenient quirk: She was terrified of flying. The mere thought of getting into a plane was enough to make her panic”. (Martin & Pear, 2003, p. 339). A quirk such as this is defined as a phobia. Some phobias are so intense that they can interfere…

This is an emotional feeling or physical tension. It can come from activities that make you feel nervous, angry, or frustrated. The change or reaction in your body to word a challenge or demand helps in stabilizing the body especially when the reaction is helping you to avoid danger or meet a deadline. Stress is…

1.1 Visual Communication Theory (Gestalt) Visual communication is vital in graphic design as all graphical elements are associated with our eyes. This is why packaging on any product is important to appeal to the consumer at first glance focusing on key design elements including colour, shape, space and size. In contrast, Gestalt’s theory on the…

1.0 Introduction Depression is a common mental illness caused by a consistent feeling of sadness and a general loss of interest in events individuals commonly enjoy, followed by an inability to perform everyday tasks for a prolonged period of time. Moreover, Individuals with depression generally exhibit the following characteristics; Lack of Energy and fatigue, changes…