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Teenage pregnancies are a significant social and health issue in the U.K. due to the increase in various recorded cases. Adolescent females in the U.K. encounter optimal complications within the spectrum of health risks. This implies that teenage pregnancy within the U.K. has increased spontaneously hence resulting in the implementation of different policies that may provide sexual health education and healthy relationships to curb the problem.
The prevalence of adolescent pregnancies is an international concern since it occurs across high, middle, and low-income countries. World Health Organization (2020) establishes that despite mainly occurring in marginalised communities, the key factors contributing to the problem encompass lack of employment, education, and poverty. Another report indicates that at least 39% of the girls in the least developed nations get married before eighteen years, hence the increase in the parturiency rate (Glynn et al., 2018). In this case, the societies in the respective regions indicate a profoundly high value on motherhood and marriage.
An excellent example of a means to prevent parturiency is the utilisation of contraceptives and family planning methods. Sexual health is a domain that faces significant controversy due to the necessity to address the inherent aspect of intensifying disciplinary measures among its counterparts (Paton, Bullivant & Soto, 2020). World Health Organization (2020) establishes that poor transportation networks, financial constraints, and knowledge threaten the appeal to avoid the situation among the girls. In a different spectrum, the research postulates that incorporating regulations banning adolescents incapacitates the counterparts to proactively engage healthcare practitioners for suitable alternatives (Chirwa et al., 2019). Health education on coitus among the youths is an essential practice that fosters enlightenment concerning best solutions to prevent early fecundation.
There is an imminent health risk among teenagers during pregnancy due to exposure to dynamic complications. According to World Health Organization (2020), hurdles during birth pose a higher risk rate among the counterparts to death, mainly individuals between fifteen and nineteen years old internationally. At least 99% of adolescent pregnancy-induced deaths occur in middle- and low-income countries, while others face distinctive conditions, namely puerperal endometritis, infections, and eclampsia (Corps, 2020). As a result, it is crucial to establish the critical approaches that impact the well-being of the two persons based on the exposure to various conditional statuses.
Teenage pregnancy in the United Kingdom is a phenomenon that significantly affects the socio-cultural and economic domain of the country. In the early 2000s, the U.K. and America were the leading nations in adolescent parturiency (Iorga et al., 2021). Notably, researchers establish that identifying the dynamic risks of giving birth at a young age is attributed to the decline in the fecundations. Therefore, the report indicates that in 2018 the rates declined by 6% to at least 16.8 childbirths among women between fifteen and seventeen years old (Corps, 2020). Primarily, England and Wales proficiently developed initiatives that enhance awareness concerning the danger of adolescent parenting based on physical, mental, and psychological conditions.
The British records indicated an increase in an ideological practice attributed to the decline in teenage pregnancies in a different spectrum. The concept encapsulated the rise in the number of abortions at 1.8% as the highest mark (World Health Organization, 2020). In this case, the country recorded significantly high percentages about the legal and illegal termination of the parturient. Research indicates that adolescent fecundation in England and Wales is not relative to the deprivation indicators (Baxter et al., 2021). The marks include education, income, housing, crime, and the living environment due to the reducing frequency of the issue within the regions with the majority of the poor people. Primarily, the conception figures were higher in the least deprived parts against the highly impoverished areas.
There is a minimal distinction regarding teenage pregnancies as an international and locally-based issue. The main reason for the study encapsulates exploring the key factors and theoretical frameworks that render alleviation of the social and health-based problem. The research fosters comprehension of the necessity of incorporating measures to fight the challenge. One of the principal factors that demand addressing the mainframe is the medical complication posed among the youths and the infants during birth and the inherent growth and development. It is the responsibility of the government and other relevant institutions to incorporate approaches that enhance sex education among their counterparts (Akullo, Akena & Mwesigwa, 2020). Prevention is highly significant than cure despite the dynamic variables that contribute to the situational crisis in the United Kingdom.
Structural Theorists
Wilkinson and Pickett Theory
Different theories foster the justification of the intensification in the rise of teenage pregnancies. In this case, it is essential to develop the various approaches that enhance the concept’s relevance in addressing the core global issue. Both Wilkinson and Pickett’s theory suggests that unequal societies are typically responsible for less satisfying people’s lives since they harm individuals’ health, increase crime, lower life expectancy, and scupper the educational progress of teenagers in the community (Richards, Maharani, & Präg, 2022). The ideology focuses on the necessity of alleviating inequality since it is the causative agent to the marginalisation of dynamic communities. Therefore, the researchers argue that disparity among people renders the emergence of civic problems (Delhey et al., 2021). The divergence in the distribution of phenomenal justice fosters individualism, which eventually causes panic and anxiety among the community members. The mainframe significantly focuses on the root instigation, imparity, and the imminent threat to society’s growth and development.
The Wilkinson and Pickett theory primarily focuses on the impact of inequality and trickle-down effect on the community’s cohesion. In this case, the concept faces optimal limitations in fostering an understanding concerning teenage pregnancies since it articulates the core effects of westernisation over communist approaches (Amis et al., 2021). Therefore, the framework enables a significant restriction in addressing adolescent pregnancy across dynamic societies that uphold communism with minimal inequality. Further, the domain faces another challenge in fostering effective response to policy efficiency due to the reliance on the community’s capital on interactive forums.
Levitas Theory
Levitas (2018) focuses on the social exclusion theory encompassing the denial or lack of involving dynamic individuals from different communities in developmental agendas that can mitigate the rapid increase of teenage pregnancy and other social challenges. Primarily, the concept establishes the repercussion of marginalisation of people based on socio-cultural, economic, and political elements (Davidson, 2019). According to Levitas’s theory, it is imperative for leaders to incorporate measures that intensify the coordination among all members of society to prevent challenges related to teenage pregnancy (Levitas, 2018). Specifically overcoming the issue of inequality where wealthy persons are given priority compared to poor people.
An excellent example is the scalability of the problem of teenage pregnancy in the U.K. Although the government focused on enhancing sex education and implementing policies to elevate the fight against teenage pregnancy, the outcome featured distinct impacts across various segments. According to the theorist, the underclass on morality among youths from the U.K. ethnic identities attributes to stigmatisation hence resulting in early teenage pregnancy, which should not be the case (Brossard, 2019). This concept is similar to the theory of Levitas, whereby the hindering element fosters imminent danger of early pregnancy explicitly when it comes to categorising teenage personalities based on wealth and social status, thus increasing pregnancy cases in the community.
The main challenge posed by the Levitas theory entails the lack of clarity concerning the key societal pillars such as teenage pregnancy in the U.K., which is the main concept discussed in this case. This is because it is vital to establish the core factors fostering the social problems and identify the accountable person to justify the theory and mitigate the situation of early pregnancy that may be affecting the teenagers (Brossard, 2019). However, a different issue is vagueness in promoting social integration among the members of the U.K. to fully create awareness that may hinder the increase of teenage pregnancy significantly. Despite the limitations, the theory can be justified by how the social inequality in terms of wealthiness and poverty promotes the rapid increase of early teenage pregnancy cases.
Rose Theory
The Rose theory encompasses the government’s effort to enhance the intersection of technology within the society to advance human activities and productivity scale. In this case, the administration focuses on the entirety of imposing change based on the gathered insights from the members of the society, such as teenage pregnancy that has become rampant within the U.K. and globally (Cummings, 2018). According to the theory, it is vital to incorporate strategies that intensify the effectiveness of the growth and development based on the established technological resources that may hinder social issues such as early pregnancies among the teenage group in the community. An excellent example is the data collection concerning teenage pregnancies to develop initiatives addressing the issue objectively in the U.K. This specific approach may address teenage pregnancy cases since many people have access to the new trending technology. Relatively, the theory justifies that the U.K. executives typically focuses on implementing strategies that enhance sex education and awareness among their counterparts for better decision-making and minimising early pregnancy cases. Therefore, the construct is an essential entity to advocate for the authority’s action plan to eradicate the key challenges hindering self-actualisation, especially among women who may be experiencing early pregnancy cases.
Policy Conceptualisations
The implemented policies regarding teenage pregnancy and sexual health in the U.K. has been positioned effectively, thus minimising the challenge among the teenagers. For instance, Wilkinson and Pickett’s theory showcases how the concept of inequality has contributed to the rapid increase of teenage pregnancy cases in contemporary society. It is evident from the theory that the inequality in any community, such as the U.K., is responsible for less satisfying individuals’ lives, thus contributing to harm of individuals’ health and increasing issues related to teenage pregnancy. In this context, the U.K. can identify an alternative of decreasing inequality among its citizens to prevent the increase in teenage pregnancy cases. Besides, Levitas’s theory depicts how the society of the U.K. lacks dynamic individuals from different communities in developmental agendas (Levitas, 2018). Despite the government introducing strict measures to intensify the coordination among all members within the U.K., it is imperative to note that cases related to teenage pregnancy continue to be recorded (Bell et al., 2020). However, the introduction of sex education and implementation of policies have been observed to elevate the fight against teenage pregnancy in the U.K.
Finally, Rose’s theory provides an overview of how the U.K. government is determined in providing the intersection of technology within the society with the aim of advancing the human productivity scale. In this case, the technology introduced within the region of the U.K. fosters effectiveness in teaching teenagers’ distinct knowledge regarding sex education and awareness hence contributing to them making better decisions that prevent early teenage pregnancy. Therefore, the theorists have clearly positioned the idea, which correlates with the issue related to teenage pregnancy in the U.K. and provide effective strategies and policies that can be used to minimise the problem.
Teenagers get cognitively altered to function under antisocial behavioural prospects through the theorem hence engaging in immoral behaviours that result in early pregnancy. Although it is an independent form of empowerment, poor mentorship fosters cognitive structures’ negative development, which, if controlled, can reduce the challenge Individuals further appreciate negative actions at puberty and adulthood without the stress of punishment (Bell et al., 2020). In other cases, a person realises the consequence of witnessing racism as a foundation of poor social relations. As a result, these victims seek treatment in the form of punishments. An excellent example is a survivor who realises the negative impact on society and commits crimes that justify the necessary discipline. This form of psychological illness increases the victim’s physical health, cause of hostile ideologies. Therefore, the lack of attention to the problems affecting the interaction among students in senior public high school risks the barrier to sociological growth and development.
The United Kingdom government established distinct policies that enhance the alleviation of high rates of teenage pregnancies. Notably, the administration found key strategies intensifying the interdependence between the community, executive, and the victims. The youths face a prominent marginalisation effect from denying essential government-based services (Akella, 2018). Therefore, the authority established inherent perspectives concerning the development of a functional support system. One of the mainframes encompassed the teenage pregnancy prevention foundation and the second engulfed framework for supporting adolescent mothers and young fathers (Cense & Ruard Ganzevoort, 2019). The approach primarily rendered the profound necessity to intensify redistribution initiatives on social justice and promote a healthy living quotient. The practice formed the foundation to reduce the rate of fecundations among adolescents in the U.K. while improving welfare.
Practitioner’s Account against Policy and Social Theory
The data collection exercise from interview questions fostered a prominent effect in the comprehension of dynamic approaches that attribute to teenage pregnancies. According to the interview, it is imperative to note that various issues and policies contribute to the increase of teenage pregnancy in the community. In this case, distinct policies have been introduced to shape and monitor the behavioural perspective of teenage children within the community to reduce the increase of teenage pregnancy. The introduction of original policies such as the social exclusion unit report on teenage pregnancy helps control the issue of teenage pregnancy. Further, the insights depict an emerging trend of the problem mainly among people living in poverty-stricken areas. As a result, there is an indication of ineffective outcomes from the government-sponsored initiative to create self-awareness among the youths and introduce teenage testing.
Sex education can be introduced in the majority of schools within the region of the United Kingdom to shape the mindset of many teenagers within the current context. Sex education is a vital factor contributing to the alleviation of teenage pregnancies. The practitioner established that despite the efforts to create awareness, a significant percentage of the victims confessed to the lack of knowledge concerning contraceptives and family planning. In this case, it was clear that the front-line workers in the medical institutions faced a profound accountability task in coordinating to develop an efficient solution to the ideology. According to the interview, the primary cause of the issue involved social inequity reflected within the setting of financial constraints, illiteracy, and poverty. As a result, the counterparts engage in immoral acts, mainly irresponsible sex leading to an increase in the problem (Jones et al., 2019). Apart from the voluntary engagements, girls from impoverished regions become vulnerable to manipulation from adults for sexual gains leading to the risk of early parturiency.
One of the attributable factors to the dynamic effect of teenage pregnancies is the effect of social learning theory. The concept renders the emergence of a dynamic overview of mental healthiness. In most cases, children get cognitively altered to function under antisocial behavioural prospects through the theorem (Lohan et al., 2018). Although it is an independent form of empowerment, poor parenting fosters cognitive structures’ negative development. Individuals further appreciate negative actions at puberty and adulthood without the stress of punishment. In other cases, a person realises the consequence of witnessing intimate partner violence as a foundation of poor social relations (Wagner et al., 2019). As a result, these victims seek treatment in the form of punishments. An excellent example is a survivor who realises the negative impact on society and commits crimes that justify the necessary discipline. This form of psychological illness increases the victim’s physical health as a result of hostile ideologies.
In conclusion, teenage pregnancy is a major social issue contributing to the negative index of growth and development. The U.K. government incorporated measures that enhanced a profound decrease in the rate of adolescent parturiency across the various regions. The core regulatory framework enshrined addressing the main support system framework in preventing and protecting the victims. Different theories justify the necessity of promoting equality. However, dynamic perspectives contribute to the effective aspect of advancing the quality of living. Childbirth at young age risks the well-being of the mother and the infant due to the exposure to diverse diseases and infections. It is essential to offer effective care towards the counterparts as a countermeasure in alleviating complications among the maturing community members. A teenager is susceptible to negative learning experiences due to the essence of the social learning curve. Therefore, childhood experiences affect social behaviour and relationships. In this case, the best model of care for the victims involves developing a therapeutic environment from individual and community participation in the policy and practice implementations.
References
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