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Introduction. Details of the Event
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The event is Chernobyl disaster.
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Flawed reactor design caused it (Westmore, 2020).
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It resulted in discharge of radioactive particles.
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Mistakes made during testing.
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Mostly affected regions include Europe and western USSR.
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Deaths and health issues were witnessed.
Radiation Exposure Effects
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Radiation exposure increased cancer risks.
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Radionuclides released were around 50 to 185 million curies (Omar-Nazir et al., 2018).
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Ionizing radiation energy affected DNA chemical bonds.
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Long-term adverse health effects experienced.
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Chernobyl disaster caused many deaths (Omar-Nazir et al., 2018).
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Evacuation of humans.
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Workers deaths (Toki et al., 2020).
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High anxiety levels.
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Poor health.
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Unexplained physical symptoms.
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Tumor development and other health issues.
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Adolescents and young children suffered thyroid cancer (Toki et al., 2020).
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Leukemia risks increased.
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Cancer deaths were witnessed after the Chernobyl disaster.
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Cataracts resulted from high doses of ionizing radiation (Omar-Nazir et al., 2018).
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Individuals exposed to the radiations suffered cardiovascular disease.
Radiation Syndrome
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Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) was witnessed.
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Symptoms that indicated ARS include diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea.
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134 people were confirmed to have ARS (Abe, 2022).
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Radioactive iodine exposure caused thyroid cancer.
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ARS patients developed gastrointestinal or marrow syndrome (Omar-Nazir et al., 2018).
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Deaths attributed to the ARS were also witnessed.
Radiation Measurement
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Geiger counter used for measurement.
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Doses of radionuclides and radiations were measured.
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300Sv/hr was the recorded fatal dose (Abe, 2022).
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Challenges were encountered during measurement.
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500 roentgens exposed to those unprotected (Abe, 2022).
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Radiation levels far higher than the estimated values.
Dose-Response Relationship
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Leukemia risk reduced in recovering workers.
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Thyroid cancer linked with the highest radiation dose.
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Dose-response relationship was also evident in:
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Renal failure.
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Acute distress.
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Bone marrow failure.
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References
Abe, Y. (2022). Exploring radiation measurement after Fukushima: When media ecology meets citizen science. Metode Science Studies Journal, (12), 40-45.
Chernobyl Gallery. (n.d.). Chernobyl disaster: Radiation levels. Web.
Havig, C. (2020). Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Web.
Medhora, M. (2022). Advances in mitigation of injuries from radiological terrorism or nuclear accidents. Web.
Omar-Nazir, L., Shi, X., Moller, A., Mousseau, T., Byun, S., Hancock, S., Seymour, C., & Mothersill, C. (2018). Long-term effects of ionizing radiation after the Chernobyl accident: Possible contribution of historic dose. Environmental Research, 165, 55-62.
Toki, H., Wada, T., Manabe, Y., Hirota, S., Higuchi, T., Tanihata, I., Satoh, K., & Bando, M. (2020). Relationship between environmental radiation and radioactivity and childhood thyroid cancer found in Fukushima health management survey. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1-12.
Westmore, G. (2020). Radioactive material: Truth and lies in’Chernobyl’. Screen Education, (96), 16-23.
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