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Gothic literature was the genre that emerged as the darkest romantic form of the late 18th century, and the literary genre seemed to be part of a broader romantic movement. Gothic romance features terrible facial expressions, ugly romance, supernatural elements and dark landscapes. From the beginning, this fictional type contains many different elements and has a series of renewals. Most elements found in Gothic literature are similar to the middle Ages and have similar themes and backgrounds. The reader’s fascination with terrorism has paved the way for another exciting example to help advance this movement. Many aspects of Gothic literature are fascinating, including mystery, anxiety, supernatural, atmosphere and setting, curses, romance and anti-heroes. Wuthering Heights (WH), by Emily Bronte, is located between the unpleasant Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, it is a romantic love story. The story is told by Narrator Lockwood, a WH visitor who is told the story by the maid Nelly Dean. Her narratives is about the orphan Heathcliff, Catherine Earnshaw, her offspring and Linton family. Heathcliff is a passionate gypsy boy adopted by the Earnshaw family. He loves Catherine and she loved him back, but she chooses Edgar Linton to marry him since he has status and wealth. Heathcliff fled along with Edgar’s sister Isabella and took over Earnshaw and Linton and became a rich and respected person. Heathcliff loved Catherine throughout history, despite his revenge on the inability to own her, he was buried next to her after death.
Bronte clearly explains the powers and events of nature in the stories of Nelly Dean and Lockwood, and shows the relationship between the internal and external nature of WH. This novel is full of violence, abuse, scandals and hostile characters that promote and revenge among each other. These characters do not conform to known social values and do not respect traditional ethical principles. However, although the characters in this novel are uncivilized and mysterious, WH is still very popular in that era and has existed for many years. Despite the popularity of the novel and its admiration for its beautiful poetic style, WH raised a myriad of questions and explained many explanations. In an unconventional environment, WH solves eternal problems. The passion for love, the desire for revenge, and the instability of the social class. At the turning point of ghost expressions and references to devils and other supernatural elements, WH is a variety of Gothic novels, but Bronte often breaks this form. WH ignores this agreement in many ways, it’s a strange novel that captivated generations of curious readers.
The story of Gothic novels includes the concepts of delusion, wildness and taboo. Gothic imagination always includes the theme of persecution, is generally ambiguous, victims persecuted become oppressors, and vice versa. One important factor of insanity is that Gothic debate, ambition, or revenge is an important factor that makes at least one character desperate, ‘Terror made me cruel, Be with me always – take any form – drive me mad! only do not leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you!’ A Gothic novel is a supernatural, tragic, or horrible story. Some Gothic features and customs often occur in evil places such as castles and destroyed buildings, preferably underpasses, mazes and dungeons. Supernatural can take the form of ghosts, nightmares, or animated objects from previous inanimate objects. Castle, ghost, nightmare are seen in the WH novel. Ghosts and nightmares are clearly seen by Lockwood’s in the first chapters, ”Who are you?’ …. ‘Catherine Linton,’ it replied … As it spoke, I discerned, obscurely, a child’s face looking through the window. Terror made me cruel; and, finding it useless to attempt shaking the creature off’.
Heroes are usually motivated by emotion, violence, and sadness, this clear from the next quote ‘I have not broken your heart – you have broken it; and in breaking it, you have broken mine.’ When Heathcliff becomes a monster, his revenge becomes part of everyone lives, Isabella, Hareton, Cathy, and even his son, he did everything cruel and inhumane beyond his usual thoughts. This seems to bring new improvements to terrorism and new depth to worsening. Gothic has always approached supernatural as if it could be described or observed according to official realism patterns. Gothic tries to record fear through supernatural novels that are cruel and difficult to explain. Antiheroes are a romantic but vicious hero who overcomes their obstacles by using evil instead of good, they characterize the Gothic genre. Heathcliff is an innocent child who has lived a difficult life until Mr. Earnshaw picks him up. He grew up with Catherine and Mr. Earnshaw loved him and cared for him. As a child, he is a friend of Catherine who begins loving him as he grows up. However, he loses care and love after Mr. Earnshaw’s death and feels betrayed when Catherine leaves him to Edgar Linton. These events bring a profound change in Heathcliff, and remain a sadistic demon throughout the rest of the novel. It is also hard to move his feelings. Emily Bronte has given Heathcliff a hard cover that makes it hard to read his heart and fully understand his emotions. However, it seems that the dark side of his personality has become very powerful and takes charge whenever he tries to empathize with others.
There are two key factors behind the change in the character of Heathcliff – Catherine whom he loves marry Edgar Lynton and Hindley’s harassment of Heathcliff after Mr. Earnshaw’s death. While all the characters in WH are unique, Heathcliff, despite his bad morals and rudeness in some situations, shares his deep dark feelings; his frustration at not finding his love made him sadistic and charismatic. At several points, he seems to be using his evil attitude to conceal his true emotions and longing for Catherine. However, he also seems to be genuinely determined to punish others around him. That seems at least because he does not hesitate to prove through his cruelty that he is really naïve as he appears. However, despite his arrogant attitude, his longing for his lost love is proving to be a hero. However, his pain is somehow justified by his behavior and makes readers sympathize with him. In the preliminary scenes, he appears as a stubborn, arrogant and hospitable owner. People in his family view him as unruly and unhygienic without any sense of creation and civilization. In his first few experiments, Lockwood became aware of what kind of person he was. Nelly tells him the rest of the story and how Heathcliff became evil and brutal.
Heathcliff still remembers Catherine and cries as a child for her return. He yearns for his love, and prays for Catherine’s return. He slams his whip on anyone who believes he is responsible for his loss or even is linked to it. Bronte’s face of love is bleak, darker in ghost-like points. So the whole novel settings look haunted and Gothic. Heathcliff himself thinks of nothing but revenge and turned him into a monster. Bronte sculpted her characters brilliantly, most importantly are the settings that add to the blues and bitterness of the story, the characters continue to destroy themselves by spinning in a spiral of special emotions. As with the arrival of the little guy from Liverpool, he launched a series of serious events. Heathcliff is portrayed as a hero led by his desire for revenge. Catharine betrayed his trust and married Linton and Linton himself died. He eulogizes himself by punishing Isabella, Edgar’s sister, who marries her to pursue his vengeful intentions. Other characters in the novel compare him to Satan (omen) and Heathcliff is doing his best to ensure that he remains as Satan in their eyes. Their fear somewhere seems to give him a sense of victory and help him overcome the frustration caused by Catherine’s loss. It is his love and longing for Catherine Earnshaw that changed him forever.
After the death of Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley kept Heathcliff deprived and mistreated. He is abandoned by Catherine and he is neither educated nor rich. Heathcliff was an orphan and it was natural that, after finding love and shelter in the WH, any kind of deprivation would have hurt him badly. The pain continues to reveal itself until Heathcliff is alive and tries to inflict the same pain on all the others who have taken him away his love for Catherine and mistreated him. He intelligently gains ownership of both the WH and Grange. There’s a lot about Heathcliff that’s incomprehensible, but that’s what makes him really unique. Heathcliff underwent a major change but then his frustration became well understood, especially in light of his love for Catherine. However, it is Heathcliff’s pain that makes the novel very interesting and attractive despite all the depression it has. The character of Heathcliff keeps the story going. He avenged anything that prevented him from being with the woman he loved. Heathcliff brings evil and goodness. His character cannot be predicted because the reader believes that after his return he will use his power and wealth for the good of restoring what he lost to Edgar Linton. The character of Heathcliff gives another aspect to society; it does not convey rights whether good or bad, it states that they are both. The use of the antihero concept was new during this period, nightmares, ghosts, mystery, castles, and the setting, all contributed to make WH a Gothic novel.
In conclusion, Bronte’s novel includes a relationship between nature, inhumanity, romance, and fear, the soul that can survive after death, betrayal, personal injustice, imagination, separation, and death. Bronte has achieved artistic success by working hard with inspiration; this is not a surprising result. Gothic novels are mysteries, usually supernatural and frightening, placed on the dark settings of medieval monuments and haunted castles. Wuthering Heights, revolving around the emotional and destructive love between Heathcliff and Catherine, is for sure one of the brilliant gothic novels around the world.
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